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Construction plan of long-term fixed observation experiment station for agricultural green development

author：Automatic small weather station 出处: weather station Update time：2024-11-23

Agricultural green development long-term fixed observation and experiment station

The overall solution of the observation point and central station IoT data platform

Table of contents

1. Project introduction

(1) Project positioning

(2) Observation elements and indicators

2. Construction goals

3. Construction content

(1) Central station

(2) Observation points

(3) Data platform construction

1. Project introduction

(1) Project positioning

The project is based on the two leading industries of rice and garlic, taking into account the breeding industry (pigs, broilers), and studies the main problems faced by green development (insufficient water resource protection, green production technology needs to be improved, agricultural film recovery rate needs to be improved, professional service network unsound), formulate corresponding green test and observation programs. Focusing on the three major green technology application experiments (comprehensive rice field cultivation in Chefushan Town, light and simplified cultivation of rice and garlic rotation in Suyangshan Town, and application and recycling of garlic mulch), long-term positioning observations were carried out to obtain weather, soil, water, The basic data of five categories of indicators, such as biological and green development trends, analyze the use of agricultural production inputs (such as irrigation water, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc.), the output of agricultural products (such as crop yield, quality, sales price, etc.), waste recycling ( straw, plastic film and manure) and changes in resource and environmental indicators (such as water and soil), evaluate the effectiveness of green technology application experiments, explore effective solutions for agricultural green production and ecological protection, and summarize the results that are consistent with regional ecology The type of green development model will continue to improve the construction level of modern agricultural industrial parks. After the observation and test station is incorporated into the national system, it will undertake national observation and test tasks, regularly report observation data, and provide data support for national green technology, policy integration and innovation.

(2) Observation elements and indicators

Table 1 Observation index table

serial number	level one index	Secondary indicators	specific indicators	Observation method	frequency	Variety
1	1. Moisture elements	1. Irrigation water	(1) pH	Portable Observation	Take a sample every time you irrigate	rice garlic corn
2			(2) DO	Portable Observation
3			(3) TN	Sampling test
4			(4) NH4+-N /NO3--N
5			(4) TP
6			(6) COD/BOD
7		2. Field water	(1) pH	Portable detection	Sampling once a month	rice
8			(2) DO	Portable detection
9			(3) TN	Sampling test
10			(4) NH4+-N/NO3--N
11			(5) TP
12			(6) COD /BOD
13		3. Tail water	(1) pH	Portable detection	Sampling every drain	rice
14			(2) DO	Portable detection
15			(3) TN	Sampling test
16			(4) NH4+-N/NO3--N
17			(5) TP
18			(6) COD/BOD
19		4. Runoff water	(1) pH	Portable detection	Sampling per runoff	garlic corn
20			(2) DO	Portable detection
twenty one			(3) TN	Sampling test
twenty two			(4) NH4+-N/NO3--N
twenty three			(5) TP
twenty four			(6) COD/BOD
25		5. Water volume and water level	(1) Flow rate and flow rate of paddy field irrigation water	Online Monitoring	Data is in hours	rice
26			(2) The water level of the paddy field surface water			rice
27			(3) Flow rate and velocity of irrigation water for garlic fields,			garlic
28			(4) Water level of garlic field groundwater			garlic
29	2. Soil elements	1. Nutrients	(1) Soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium	Sampling test	Sampling after each crop harvest	rice garlic corn
30			(2) Available nitrogen
31			(3) Available phosphorus
32			(4) Available Potassium
33			(5) Organic matter		Tested once a year
34		2. Salt	(1) Soil full salt EC value	Online Monitoring	Data is in hours
35		2. Salt	(2) pH value
36		3. Moisture content and temperature	(1) Soil moisture
37		3. Moisture content and temperature	(2) Soil temperature
38		4. Physical parameters	(1) Soil Mechanical Composition	Sampling test	3 years inspection
39		4. Physical parameters	(2) Soil bulk density
40		5. Environment	(1) Heavy metals in soil
41		5. Environment	(2) Organic pollutants
42		6. Basic conditions	(1) Soil fertility	Sampling test	Tested once a year
43			(2) Soil type
44			(3) Soil barriers
45	3. Meteorological elements	Meteorological parameters	(1) Temperature	online test	Data is in hours	-
44			(2) relative humidity
46			(3) Precipitation
47			(4) Small evaporation capacity
48			(5) Hours of sunshine
49			(6) Solar radiation
50			(7) wind direction
51			(8) wind speed
52	4. Biological elements	1. Crop output and price	(1) Biological yield	investigation record Mobile phone report	Collect once at harvest	rice, garlic, corn
53			(2) Economic output
54			(3) Sales price
55		2. Rice quality	(1) Starch content	Sampling test	One-time sampling test at harvest	rice
56			(2) Amylose content
57			(3) Protein content
58			(4) Fat content
59			(5) Pesticide residues
60		4. Garlic quality	(1) Appearance indicators: ① size ② shape ③ color ④ weight ⑤ smell			garlic
61			(2) Nutritional indicators: ①Moisture ②Soluble sugar ③Dietary fiber ④Protein ⑤Fat
62			(3) Indexes of active substances: ①Alliin or allicin (organic sulfide) ②Vitamin C and B1B2
63			(4) Hygienic indicators: ① Pesticide residues ② Heavy metals
64		5. Corn quality	(1) Starch content			corn
65			(2) Protein content
66			(3) Lysine content
67			(4) Fat content
68			(5) Pesticide residues
69		6. Cultivation management	(1) Planting varieties, farming time and methods	investigation record Mobile phone report	According to the agricultural activities, investigate and record according to the occurrence	rice garlic corn
70			(2) Key reproductive periods and growth conditions
71			(3) Frequency and damage of pests and diseases
72			(4) Occurrence of natural disasters
73		7. Breeding management	(1) Breeding type		According to the breeding activities, record according to the occurrence	live pig, Broiler
74			(2) Breeding species
75			(3) Farming scale
76			(4) Occurrence of epidemic diseases (or harmless treatment)
77			(5) Treatment methods of livestock and poultry manure and utilization rate of resources

2. Construction goals

A two-level network observation and test system of "one station and multiple points" was established, as shown in Figure 1.

figure 1

3. Construction content

(1) Central station

The central station is built on the fourth floor of Building A2 of Suyangshan Healthy Food Science and Technology Park. The status of the floor is shown in Figure 4, which is a frame structure.

The floor area of the four floors of Building A2 is 1024 m2, as shown in Figure 5, with a length of 64m, a width of 16m, and a height of 6m.

Figure 5 Floor plan of the central station

(2) Observation points

As shown in Figure 3, 65 observation points are distributed in 12 towns, including Suyangshan Town, Chefushan Town, Zhaodun Town, Daizhuang Town, Tiefu Town, Chahe Town, Nianzhuang Town, Bayiji Town, Guanhu Town, Tushan Town, Eight Road Town, and Xinhe Town.

Observation points collect 86 specific indicators of five major categories of elements including meteorology, water, soil, biology and green development dynamic indicators, and the specific distribution is as follows: 1 meteorology, 18 moisture, 19 soil, 19 biology, and 8 green development dynamic indicators , a total of 65.

In addition, there are 25 camera observation points, of which 21 are in farmland and 4 are distributed in two farms.

Figure 3 Implementation location map of observation points

The number of observation points is shown in Table 5, a total of 65, including 40 observation points in the test area and 25 observation points in the control area.

The 12 township observation points are distributed as follows: 27 in Suyangshan Town, 13 in Chefushan Town, 4 in Tiefu Town and Tushan Town, 3 in Chahe Town, Guanhu Town and 3 in Xinhe Town, and 3 in Zhaodun Town. There are 2 each in Henianzhuang Town and Bayiji Town, and 1 each in Daizhuang Town and Eight Road Town.

The observation points of the five major elements are distributed as follows: 1 meteorological observation point, 18 moisture observation points, 19 soil observation points, 19 biological element observation points (including 2 breeding points), and 8 green development dynamic index observation points.

The requirements for the construction of observation points are as follows: (1) Observation point signage: add the text "X observation point" on the basis of the center station signage, and the number is 65; (2) 1 farmland meteorological station fence, as shown in Figure 9, ( 3) There are 5 groundwater level monitoring points, and wells need to be drilled, with a diameter of 20cm and a depth of about 20m. The standard is to see the groundwater level. (4) Observation point equipment is equipped with ground cement foundation (as shown in Figure 8) and equipment installation.

(3) Data platform construction

The detailed construction plan will be put forward by the winning bidder and implemented after being reported to the Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for approval.

Figure 10 Topology diagram of IoT data platform

1. Observation point IoT equipment (company solution)

Table 6 IoT Devices

serial number	device name	index	Quantity (set)	skills requirement
1	online device
1.1	farm weather and Moisture Station	8 meteorological indicators: temperature, humidity, rainfall, small evaporation, sunshine hours, light intensity, average wind speed and wind direction Two soil indicators: moisture, temperature	1	Automatically monitor 8 meteorological indicators and 4 depths of the same soil profile (surface soil layer, core soil layer, subsoil layer, and latent layer) Moisture information such as temperature and volumetric water content, and transmit data through GPRS/4G according to the set time interval uploaded to the data center. See table note for supporting facilities and power supply requirements.
1.2	soil sensor	4 indicators: moisture, temperature, pH, EC	18	Soil moisture measurement range: 0-100%, resolution: 0.1%, accuracy: ±2%. Soil temperature measurement range: -20°C-100°C, resolution: 0.1°C, accuracy: 0.2°C. See table note for supporting facilities and power supply requirements.
1.3	Rice Field Irrigation Water Flow Meter	Velocity and flow of irrigation water	8	Doppler open channel flowmeter or ultrasonic flowmeter, equipped with wireless signal transmission; after on-site survey, submit for approval See table note for supporting facilities and power supply requirements.
1.4	Paddy field surface water level gauge	water level of field water	8	Sensor water level gauge or ultrasonic water level gauge; 0~1m, accuracy 0.5%~1%; See table note for supporting facilities and power supply requirements.
1.5	Garlic field flowmeter and groundwater level gauge	Irrigation water flow in dry fields, groundwater level	5	Doppler open channel flowmeter or ultrasonic flowmeter, equipped with wireless signal transmission; after on-site survey, submit for approval Pressure water level gauge; 0~20m, subject to seeing groundwater, accuracy 0.5%~1%; See table note for supporting facilities and power supply requirements.
1.6	Farmland Smart Camera	With timing and continuous photo taking, remote video, sound reminder function	twenty one	Spherical camera, 2 million pixels, resolution 1080P, optical zoom over 23 times, 24-hour capture, infrared distance up to 100 meters, horizontal rotation 360 ° vertical rotation -5 ° ~ 90 °, support 300 preset positions, according to The set preset position completes no less than 8 cruising paths, supports intelligent infrared, fog penetration, strong light suppression, electronic image stabilization, digital noise reduction, infrared overexposure prevention functions; specific activity recognition capture; electronic fence reminder; image wireless transmission. See table note for supporting facilities and power supply requirements.
1.7	indoor camera	Central Station Security Monitoring	6	Bolt camera; 2 million pixels, resolution 1080P, 24h monitoring, night vision infrared distance 50m; wired transmission; indoor installation bracket, power supply, signal transmission line, switch, surveillance hard disk, surveillance video recorder, etc.
*	Subtotal		67
2	portable device
2.1	Crop Growth Monitor 1	Chlorophyll	2	Measuring range: 0.0~99.9SPAD; -10~99.9℃; More than 100 pieces of data can be stored; can be connected to a computer for data export and analysis; minimum measurement interval: 2s; stability: change within one year <±2%, battery powered.
2.2	Crop Growth Monitor 2	LAI	2	Lens angle: 150° Resolution: 768×494pix Measuring range: zenith angle from 0°~75° (can be divided into ten areas); azimuth angle 360° (can be divided into ten areas) PAR sensing range: sensing spectrum 400nm~700nm Measuring range: 0~2000μmol/㎡·S Power supply: 7.4V lithium battery pack Transmission interface: USB Working temperature: 0~55℃
2.3	pH rapid tester	water pH	2	pH: 0.00~14.00; Accuracy: ±0.01 pH
2.4	Water quality rapid analyzer	water temperature DO	2	Dissolved oxygen measuring range: 0 ~ 40.00mg/L (ppm) (0~199.9)%; Accuracy: ±0.10% FS Temperature: -20.0~199.9℃
2.5	Rapid Moisture Analyzer	Rapid moisture determination of agricultural waste such as straw, manure, and agricultural film	2	Moisture measurement range: 0~90% Single precision: 0~90% Resolution: 0.1%
2.6	Mobile Data Acquisition Intelligent Terminal	Mobile phone reports portable collection data	2	Operating system: Android (Android), body storage 128G, running memory 8G, rear camera with more than 40 million pixels, battery 4000mAh
2.7	Multispectral UAV	Observing crop growth and agricultural activities, taking pictures	1	DJI Phantom 4 multi-spectral drone, supporting data processing software
*	Subtotal		13

Note: Observation point equipment construction requirements are as follows

Weather station support and power supply: a set of plastic-steel guardrails, concrete foundation. A set of stainless steel spray brackets, including lightning rods. A set of stainless steel signs. Powered by solar energy and batteries (with a service life of more than 3 years), the power supply capacity can last for 2 weeks once fully charged (active reporting mode, reporting once an hour).

Supporting equipment and power supply for other observation points: supporting outdoor support, stainless steel spray, concrete foundation, lightning rod. A set of stainless steel signs. Powered by solar energy and batteries (with a service life of more than 3 years), the power supply capacity can last for 2 weeks once fully charged (active reporting mode, reporting once an hour)

Online Equipment Requirements

Online monitoring equipment is used to obtain real-time monitoring data. It should follow standard and unified hardware interface specifications, communication specifications and data protocols, meet corresponding technical parameters, power supply configuration and data transmission requirements, and have open and friendly secondary development interfaces and good compatibility. Performance and stability, the specific requirements are as follows:

Data transmission mode: with GPRS/GSM SMS communication mode, support for extended LAN/WIFI/Zigbee mode. Monitoring data transmission mainly adopts GPRS/3G and Beidou satellite transmission, photos and videos are transmitted through 4G network; data transmission: observation point-cloud-local server. Considering data confidentiality, it is planned to use the government cloud of Xuzhou Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology.

Remote control protocol: A remote control protocol is required, which supports on-site programming operations for setting or reading various parameters of the equipment, and supports platform applications to remotely start and stop monitoring equipment, query operating status, modify parameters, and diagnose actively. operate.

Functional requirements: Support intelligent collection, forwarding, and storage, with automatic and manual recall functions; support time calibration, extended storage and other functions.

Data storage requirements: Data can be stored at observation points, local servers, and the cloud, and the storage capacity must meet the requirements of storing once every 1 to 5 hours and storing monitoring data for at least 5 years.

Communication protocol and data format: support standard MQTT, CoAP, DDS, XMQP, HTTP, FTP, TCP, RPL protocols, can realize secondary programming of upper computer software, and require suppliers to provide complete communication data format or encoding format, for Encrypted data provides a decryption algorithm to achieve fast data interpretation.

Requirements for extended functions: With standard USB/RS232/RS485 ports, it can be easily connected to PC or notebook computer; with external interface expansion function, it can realize U disk storage function.

Environmental adaptability requirements: reasonable circuit design, strong anti-interference ability, can resist high temperature, low temperature and other harsh weather conditions, and can operate normally at -50~120 °C.

2. Internet of things big data equipment in the central station (company solution)

3	Data Monitoring Management
3.1	router	Central station network communication	2	CPU quad-core, dual-band Gigabit wireless router
3.2	router	Central station network communication	4	CPU dual-core, Gigabit wireless router
3.3	server	Data Computing and Storage	1	1 CPU with 8 cores, main frequency 2.1GHz, memory 16G, hard disk 2×4TB 7.2K, L3 cache,
3.4	Integrated management platform	Remote monitoring and control of observation points and central stations, UAV photo and video display, data platform display, data storage and calculation	1	Core I9, RAM 16G, SSD 512G, 2TB 7.2K
3.5	monitor	Compatible with server and integrated management platform	2	24 inch 2K
3.6	cabinet	Compatible with server and integrated management platform	2	Dimensions match with server and integrated management platform
3.7	UPS power supply	Compatible with server and integrated management platform	2	2000VA/1600 W, power-off maintenance time 2h
3.8	Interactive large display	Data platform display and farming activity display	1	9pcs 55 inch LCD
3.9	Surveillance hard disk	Photo, video, data storage	2	Cache: 64MB; Interface: SATA interface; Speed: 5600rpm; Capacity: 4TB
3.10	air conditioner	Supporting station	1	Gree, 3 horses, frequency conversion
3.11	cloud platform	Xuzhou Municipal Government cloud platform, data storage, calculation, site deployment	2	CPU32 core, memory 64G, hard disk 1T, bandwidth 20Mbps
*	Subtotal		18	Without cloud platform
4	research equipment
4.1	projector		1	1080P 3300 lumens 1.35x zoom, 100-inch curtain + hanger, installation included
4.2	projection screen		1	Complete with projector, including installation
4.3	online meeting video system		1	All-in-one interactive video conferencing machine, windows operating system, 65-inch DLED screen, resolution 3840*2160, external camera with 20 times zoom, wireless bluetooth, omnidirectional microphone
4.4	meeting table		1	5.5 x 1.6 meters, can accommodate 14 people
4.5	Chair	Comprehensive use of central station, including data management office	30	Single chair, wooden frame, matched with conference table,
4.6	laptop	Crop growth leaf area index and meeting report	2	Intel Core i5 14-inch thin and light notebook (11th generation i5 16G memory; hard disk 512G
4.7	electric car		1	Body material: metal sheet metal, rated power: 1500w, charging voltage: 220v, cruising range 100km, with canopy, can take 4 people
*	Subtotal		37
5	Data Management Office
5.1	desktop computer	5 sets for office use 1 drone	6	Office: i5-10400 8G 256G 1T +21.5-inch display. Drone: 10th Generation i7, 16G, 512G, Colorful GTX1050
5.2	printing and copying all-in-one machine		1	Wireless transmission, print copy scan
5.3	air conditioner		4	Gree 3 horses, vertical frequency conversion
5.4	desk		7	Pressed plywood, single desk (77cm70cm120cm), including drawers, computer stand, a plastic shelf
5.5	File cabinets		6	Metal file cabinet;: A4 file cabinet Metal material thickness: 0.6mm Cabinet lock type: key lock Main body size; 180×85×39cm
5.6	other office supplies		2	Water dispenser, etc.
*	Subtotal		26
**	total		161	Without cloud platform